Northeastern University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Northeastern University is a private research university with an acceptance rate of 19%. Founded in 1898, Northeastern is located in the Back Bay and Fenway neighborhoods of Boston, Massachusetts. Undergraduates can choose from more than 90 majors and concentrations within the universitys eight colleges. Business, engineering, and health fields are some of the most popular majors among undergraduates. Northeasterns curriculum emphasizes experiential learning, and the school has a strong internship and co-op program. The Northeastern University Honors Program invites high achieving applicants to join the program each year. In athletics, the Northeastern Huskies compete in the NCAA Division I  Colonial Athletic Association. To apply, students can use the  Common Application or the Coalition Application. In addition to regular admission, Northeastern University has both  Early Decision  and  Early Action  options for admission. Both are excellent ways to  demonstrate your interest  in the university. Applicants should note that portfolios are required for the Studio Art major and are recommended for other majors within the universitys College of Art, Media, and Design. Considering applying to this highly selective school? Here are the Northeastern University admissions statistics you should know. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Northeastern had an acceptance rate of 19%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 19 students were admitted, making Northeasterns admissions process highly competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 62,272 Percent Admitted 19% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 23% SAT Scores and Requirements Northeastern requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 39% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 670 750 Math 690 790 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Northeasterns admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Northeastern scored between 670 and 750, while 25% scored below 670 and 25% scored above 750. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 690 and 790, while 25% scored below 690 and 25% scored above 790. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1540 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Northeastern University. Requirements Northeastern does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Northeastern participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. SAT Subject tests are not required for admission to Northeastern University. ACT Scores and Requirements Northeastern requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 45% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 33 35 Math 29 34 Composite 32 34 This admissions data tells us that most of Northeasterns admitted students fall within the top 3% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Northeastern University received a composite ACT score between 32 and 34, while 25% scored above 34 and 25% scored below 32. Requirements Northeastern University does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, Northeastern superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the middle 50% of Northeastern Universitys incoming class had high school GPAs between 4.1 and 4.5. 25% had a GPA above 4.5 and 25% had a GPA below 4.1. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Northeastern have primarily A grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Northeastern University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Northeastern University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Northeastern University has a competitive admissions pool with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores. However, Northeastern has a holistic admissions process involving factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside of Northeasterns average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of successful applicants had high school averages of B or higher, combined SAT scores of 1250 or higher, and ACT composite scores of 26 or better. Your chances are best with grades in the A range and standardized test scores above these lower ranges. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Northeastern University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Introduction And Institutional Background Of Smoking

INTRODUCTION AND INSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND Smoking is one of the biggest challenges facing public health. In England, Tobacco is killing almost 80,000 people every year (The NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care, 2013). Around 8 million people in England smoke and expose many more to second-hand smoke. By this ways, smoking becomes harmful as well to people around smokers. (UK Department of Health , 2014) In reaction to the high risks of passive smoking exposure, especially for children, and its hazardous health consequences, many countries enacted laws that bans smoking in private vehicles when children are present. For instance, starting from October 2015, smoking in cars carrying children under 18 is illegal in UK (UK government, 2015). WHAT AN ECONOMIST THINKS ABOUT SMOKING BAN IN CARS? IN PRIVATE HOMES? In rational choice theory, individuals are considered as rationale agents that determine their preferences based on a full information about costs and benefits (de Jonge, 2011). According to this, if smokers consume tobacco with full acknowledgment of the health hazard, and if they are also carrying all the consequences of their decisions, then the market is considered as efficient, and thus the government does not need to intervene† (Jha et al., 2000: p.153). But, in reality, tobacco is subject to market failure because of the smoker’s lack of information and risky externalities. The ban is economically efficient: The following arguments furtherShow MoreRelatedArticle I: Intervention Effects On Tobacco Use In Arab1508 Words   |  7 Pagesof Arab and non-Arab American adolescents. 2. Abstract-The problem, increasing adolescent smoking, particularly in Arabs is well described. The method-a quasi-experimental design is also identified. The results and conclusion highlighted the fact that they measured cigarette smoking which the Arab did less of, but did do more water-pipe smoking (Rice, Weglicki, Templin, Jamil, Hammad, 2010) 3. Introduction- A. Statement of the Problem: The problem and purpose of the study is clearly delineated,Read MoreHealth Is A Resource For Everyday Life Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pagesin choosing treatments and observing patient results. 2) Aiding researchers in pinpointing factors of health, following risk factors health levels, and concluding use of services in populations. 3) Helping policy-makers launching program and institutional urgencies, guidelines, and financing decisions.  Clinical practice uses of quality of life measures: 1) Recognizing and arranging problems. 2) picturing for unseen problems 3) Easing shared clinical decision taking 4) Simplifying communicationRead MoreAbstract. .Background: Uninsured Patients With Diabetes1507 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT Background: Uninsured patients with diabetes are at increased risk for poor outcomes and often have limited access to health and prescription services necessary to manage diabetes. The Cooper Rowan Clinic is a medical student-run, attending-supervised free clinic that offers primary care to the uninsured individuals in the Camden New Jersey area. Student-run clinics are emerging safety-net practices for the uninsured; but despite the growing number of clinics that currently operate acrossRead MoreThe Efficacy And Safety For Smoking Cessation Treatment5216 Words   |  21 Pages(NiX) COMPARED TO PLACEBO FOR SMOKING CESSATION Product: NiX Protocol Number: A6012890 US IND Number: 76, 224 Development Phase: II Created by: Manoj Amaraneni 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Indication NiX is indicated as an aid to smoking cessation treatment. 1.2 Background and Rationale Currently, about half of the 1 billion people smoking will eventually die from smoking related diseases1. Less than 5%Read MoreDoes Hpv Vaccination Within Msm Significantly Prevent Anogenital Infection Occurrence And Recurrence Syndrome?1420 Words   |  6 PagesClinical Question: Does HPV vaccination in MSM significantly prevent anogenital neoplasia occurrence and recurrence compared to not being vaccinated? Introduction Anogenital cancer (rectal, anal, anal canal, anorectum, penis and other genital) rates are on the rise with 27,660 estimated new male cases and 710 estimated male deaths in the United States last year alone.1 Currently, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends vaccination in the men who have sex with men (MSM) population up to ageRead MoreThe Lifestyle of a Filipino Band Member5512 Words   |  23 PagesMa. Joanna Tolentino-Aà ±onuevo, MA Communication Arts, Department Chairperson Peter Nepomuceno, Ph.D., Ed.D Thesis Adviser TABLE OF CONTENTS The Problem and It’s Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Statement of the Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Theoretical Framework†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 Conceptual Paradigm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦..8 Scope and Limitation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Read MoreImproving The Nation s Health2665 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction: Improving the nation’s health is a vital task in today s society. Health is â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being† (The World Health Organization, 1946). Achieving wellness is one of the most popular goals in the twenty-first century. But first, we all need to realize clearly, what wellness is and why it matters. The key points of the term are that it is a process; it is conscious and self-directed; it includes fulfilling one s potential. It is holistic andRead MoreLogistics and Value Chain Analysis-Ford Motor Company4824 Words   |  20 Pagesactivities are organized in the major stages of the value chain. In addition, the report will identify other key areas with regards to the importance of the concepts to an international business, the context, segmentation, international business, institutional and governmental aspects as they all relate to Ford’s value chain. The report also includes critical analyses, such as a PESTLE analysis to identify factors in the macro-environment that will affect the firm. In the automobile industry the effectsRead MoreIs Georgia A Criminal Justice Major?1921 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Georgia is one of the number one states for overcrowding in prison, but not limited to the statewide numbers of overcrowding. Being a Criminal Justice major I thought this would be great topic to research. The African American Male population in prisons is steadily rising, which I feel has something to do with psychological and sociological backgrounds. Today more African American men are in jail than in college. Many African American men grow up in urban ghettos, in a lifestyleRead MoreLogistics and Value Chain Analysis-Ford Motor Company4838 Words   |  20 Pagesactivities are organized in the major stages of the value chain. In addition, the report will identify other key areas with regards to the importance of the concepts to an international business, the context, segmentation, international business, institutional and governmental aspects as they all relate to Ford’s value chain. The report also includes critical analyses, such as a PESTLE analysis to identify factors in the macro-environment that will affect the firm. In the automobile industry the effects

Imaging In Diagnosis Pancreatic Cancer Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Pancreatic malignant neoplastic disease and its patterned advance, Drake et Al ( 2005 ) suggest pancreatic malignant neoplastic diseases are aggressive and occur most frequently in the caput, cervix and uncinate procedure of the pancreas. Malignant tumor of the pancreas affect more work forces than adult females and are associated with intoxicant maltreatment, diabetes, familial pancreatitis and smoke. Neoptolemos ( 2009 ) goes onto explain that age is an overpowering factor sing pancreatic malignant neoplastic disease which accounts for approximately 5 % of all malignant neoplastic disease instances. We will write a custom essay sample on Imaging In Diagnosis Pancreatic Cancer Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harmonizing to Hanno et Al ( 2008 ) pancreatic malignant neoplastic disease is thought to impact 10 people in 100,000 every twelvemonth. Marieb and Hohhn ( 2010 ) suggest that malignant neoplastic disease of the pancreas is serious as it seldom causes symptoms until it is really advanced and hence is difficult to observe and handle. As pancreatic malignant neoplastic disease is frequently advanced by the clip it is diagnosed, often metastases are present. Due to this the forecast of pancreatic malignant neoplastic disease is frequently really hapless and is associated with a high mortality rate ( Jackson A ; Thomas, 2005 ) . Imaging Pancreatic Cancer Johnson ( 2005 ) suggests that one time a patient has presented with a suspected pancreatic carcinoma, they should instantly have an Ultrasound Scan ( US ) of the liver, bile canal and pancreas. Harmonizing to Jackson and Thomas ( 2005 ) ultrasound scans use high-frequency sound moving ridges, that when returned from variety meats create a signal. After transporting out an ultrasound scan, if the findings suggest a malignance may be present farther imagination would be recommended. A Assortment of surveies are available, including: Endoscopic Ultrasound ( EUS ) Computed Tomography ( CT ) Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) Endoscopic Ultrasound ( EUS ) Europiums can be used in the diagnosing, presenting and resectability of pancreatic carcinomas ( DeWitt et al, 2004 ) . EUS is considered to hold a higher sensitiveness when observing tumors located in the caput of the pancreas compared to observing tumors located in the organic structure or tail of the pancreas ( Shami A ; Kaheleh, 2010 ) . Legmann et Al ( 1998 ) suggest that EUS has high sensitiveness when observing little pancreatic tumors. Many writers support this and DeWitt et Al ( 2004 ) travel on to explicate that EUS is superior to other modes as it can pick up tumors even smaller than 25mm. By observing little tumors early on, EUS can find whether farther trials are needed and hence set uping the patient ‘s direction. EUS contributes to the direction of the patient by assisting to be after and steer drainage processs ( Dietrich, 2006 ) . EUS is considered to hold a high sensitiveness when turn uping lymph node metastasis and vascular infiltration ( Shami A ; Kahaleh, 2010 ) . Each relevant construction that can be affected by pancreatic malignant neoplastic disease can be assessed utilizing EUS. Gress and Savides ( 2009 ) further explain that EUS can be used to separate the relationship between the mass and next vascular constructions to measure the resectability. Harmonizing to Faigel et Al ( 1997 ) EUS guided all right needle aspiration is used for both local theatrical production and accurate tissue diagnosing in one process. Williams et Al ( 1998 ) support this and explicate that the process is a superior mode for the sensing of metastases and provides an accurate diagnosing of pancreatic malignances. An ultrasound transducer is attached to the caput of an endoscope and passed through the patient ‘s oral cavity to obtain images of the internal variety meats. EUS provides the chance to look at the GI wall beds and the surrounding variety meats ( Shami A ; Kahaleh, 2010 ) . Rosch et Al ( 1991 ) explain that because of the close propinquity of the transducer to the internal organ of involvement, accurate and elaborate images are produced. Harmonizing to Lowry et Al ( 2008 ) pancreatic malignant neoplastic diseases often appear hypoechoic and arise from the bright, hyperechoic parenchyma of the pancreas. The lodgers of a malignance are frequently irregular ; nevertheless, there is normally a differentiation between a normal and malignant pancreas ( Figure 1.0 A ; 1.1 ) . Despite showing a malignance, Lowry et Al ( 2008 ) further explains that its visual aspect can on occasion mime an inflammatory procedure of the pancreas. Figure 1.0 Figure 1.1 Figure 1.0 EUS showing a mass in the organic structure of the pancreas with engagement of the superior mesenteric vena. ( Taken from: Kwon A ; Scheiman, 2006 ) . Figure 1.1. EUS showing a mass of the caput of the pancreas blockading the common gall canal. ( Taken from: Erickson, 2010 ) . Guidelines mentioning to pancreatic lesions issued in 2005 suggest that any lesion found in the pancreas, irrespective of its size requires further diagnostic rating. The guidelines go on to state that EUS findings entirely are non sufficient when naming lesions within the pancreas as it is unable to find whether they are malignant ( Barclay, 2005 ) . Guidelines set out by the British Medical Ultrasound Society ( 2009 ) say that Ultrasound equipment sound should merely by used by people who are to the full trained and have an apprehension of the thermal and mechanical bio-effects of ultrasound. Prior to EUS scrutinies, patients will be required to be nil by oral cavity for 6 hours. Patients will be given instructions sing the process and asked relevant inquiries associating to their wellness and allergic reactions. EUS processs are carried out under witting sedation, a cannula will be inserted into the patient ‘s arm so this and any other medicine can be inserted intravenously ( Soper et Al, 2008 ) . During the process, patients will be required to lie on their side. Harmonizing to Soper et Al ( 2008 ) scrutinies of the pancreas require high frequence echography ( 7.5- 12 MHz ) and get down by turn uping the aorta at the degree of the gorge to measure the pancreatic canal. Soper et Al ( 2008 ) further explain that the organic structure and the tail of the pancreas can so be visualised. Harmonizing to Soper et Al ( 2008 ) one time patients have recovered, they are discharged and able to restart their usual diet. Current research suggests that developments in EUS will travel beyond all right needle aspiration. Enerson ( 2005 ) believes that less invasive endoscopy equipment, which is capable of imaging variety meats next to the GI piece of land, will be developed and offer a new way sing the intercession procedure. Europiums can raise some issues with respects to the patients. First, the process requires patient engagement ; nevertheless it can be really uncomfortable and do the patient to experience ill doing the scan to be abandoned ( Shami A ; Kahaleh, 2010 ) . It is besides necessary to calm the patients when set abouting a EUS process, doing patients to go really dying. Talley ( 2007 ) besides suggests that patient medicines are an issue as they may non be able to take it at the regular clip due to the readying for the test ; these include diabetes and anti-coagulant medicines. Computed Imaging Kwon and Scheiman ( 2006 ) suggest that Computed Tomography ( CT ) is the mode of pick when diagnosis and presenting pancreatic malignant neoplastic disease. CT provides outstanding word picture of the abdominal variety meats and is widely used to place abdominal multitudes. Jackson and Thomas ( 2005 ) correlative this by composing how CT provides first-class anatomical item when imaging primary tumors and environing local invasions. In relation to the direction of patients, it is necessary to find the resectability which can be established by the presence of vascular engagement ( Kwon A ; Scheiman, 2006 ) . CT is considered the preferred mode for presenting due to the usage of contrast sweetening. Kwon and Scheiman ( 2006 ) explicate how a big endovenous dye bolus which enhances venous and arterial constructions is injected into the patient to accurately foretell surgical resectability. CT presenting can find how advanced the malignant neoplastic disease is and hence alter or deter mined patient direction. The information acquired from a CT scan is interpreted and displayed on a computing machine as an image. Harmonizing to Jackson and Thomas ( 2005 ) every pel is assigned a CT figure that is compared to that of H2O and displayed on a graduated table of units know as Hounsfield units. Each figure represents a shadiness of Grey which demonstrates the composing, nature and denseness of tissues. The graduated table below ( Figure. 2.0 ) shows the Hounsfield units assigned to each tissue type. Figure 2.0 The Hounsfield graduated table of CT Numberss. Taken from: Jackson A ; Thomas ( 2005 ) . Harmonizing to the Hirshberg Foundation ( 2010 ) utilizing a scope of Greies and associating them to the Hounsfield graduated table, creates a elaborate image of the pancreas. Von Hoff et Al ( 2005 ) further explains that on a CT scan compared to the normal pancreas, pancreatic carcinomas typically appear hypodense ab initio and so isodense in the ulterior phases. Secondary marks of a pancreatic carcinoma are clear on a CT scan, such as dilation of the pancreatic canal and the common gall canal, wasting of the pancreas and narrowing of next vascular constructions. Figure 2.1 A CT scan showing a ill enhanced mass in the caput of the pancreas. Taken from: Jackson A ; Thomas ( 2005 ) . Due to the usage of ionizing radiation, guidelines province that CT scans are merely to be carried out if requested by an appropriate accredited wellness supplier and supply sufficient medical information to warrant the scan ( Berland, 2006 ) . Guidelines suggest that when transporting out a CT scan steps should be put in topographic point to cut down the patient dosage and when possible, an alternate scan should be carried out ( Radiation protection, 2000 ) . The guidelines go on to province that CT scans of the venters should non be carried out on pregnant patients unless sound clinical grounds are given. Pancreas protocols for CT scans say patients should imbibe a liter of H2O 20 proceedingss prior to a scan. Pretorius et Al ( 2006 ) says patients should be changed into a gown and take all jewelry. Patients will so be asked to reply relevant inquiries associated with their wellness. Bruening et Al ( 2006 ) add that patients are positioned supine on the bed with their weaponries raised above their caput. Patients have a cannula inserted in their arm in order to shoot contrast intravenously. Lowry et Al ( 2008 ) suggests that scans should get down at the xiphoid and coating at the iliac crests. Scans are carried out pre-contrast and so at a 40 and 70 2nd hold one time the contrast has been added. Bruening et Al ( 2006 ) further explain that 120 Kv and between 165 and 240 ma should be used to transport out the scans. Developments in CT scanning allow for it to be combined with Positron Emissions Tomography ( PET ) to supply extra information. Although they are non used routinely for pancreatic malignant neoplastic diseases they can assist to polish a intervention program ( O’Reilly, 2010 ) . PET scanning combined with CT scanning can be used in the diagnosing and theatrical production of pancreatic malignant neoplastic disease by showing sites of malignant neoplastic disease or redness in the organic structure ( figure 2.2 ) ( O’Reilly, 2010 ) . Figure 2.2. A combines PET/CT image showing an increased consumption in the pancreas CT can do issues sing the patient as it provides the patient with high doses of ionizing radiation and involves the disposal of endovenous contrast stuff. Lisle ( 2007 ) further explains that the iodized contrast media used in CT scanning can do jobs from the patient if their nephritic map is deficient or if they have an allergic reaction. Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) Magnetic Resonance Imaging involves the debut of a radiofrequency pulsation to excite the H protons. Harmonizing to Jackson A ; Thomas ( 2005 ) once the radiofrequency pulsation is turned off, the protons relax and return a signal to the sensor spiral which when paired with a computed creates an image. Harmonizing to Miura ( 2006 ) MRI offers first-class soft tissue contrast and besides the ability to analyze the pancreatobiliary system non-invasively. Miller et Al ( 2006 ) correlative this and suggest that MRI scans are utile in the rating of elusive, non-contour deforming pancreatic multitudes. Miura ( 2006 ) suggests that Gd enhanced scans are superior to CT when observing little tumors in the pancreas. Greenberger et Al ( 2009 ) further suggests that ; MRI has high sensitiveness when picturing the degree and features of a mass. MRI scanning is utile when measuring local tumor extension and vascular engagement and Miura ( 2009 ) suggests MRI has equal or better truth when presenting pancreatic carcinomas. Harmonizing to Neoptolemos ( 2009 ) MRI scanning can lend towards the direction of the patient by supplying information about the best attack for drainage and stenting. MRI is used in the appraisal of intervention response and the sensing of complications and return. This farther contributes to patient direction by finding the extent of the intervention needed ( Von Hoff et Al, 2005 ) . MRI scans can farther assist to find the appropriate intervention as it is better able to place surgical campaigners by qualifying little liver metastases every bit good as peritoneal and omental metastases ( Miller et al, 2006 ) . A normal Pancreas shows every bit high signal strength on a T1 fat suppressed scan due to the presence of acinous proteins ( Miller et al, 2006 ) . Typically on pre-contrast and post-contrast T1 weighted images, pancreatic carcinomas show lower signal ( hypointense ) compared to normal pancreatic parenchyma ( Figure 3.0 ) . Characteristics of a pancreatic carcinoma on a MRI scan consists of the expansion of the pancreatic caput with distension of the pancreatic and common gall canal and wasting of the organic structure and tail of the pancreas ( Semelka, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Van Hoff et Al ( 2005 ) tumors are best visualised straight after the disposal of Gd as they stand out against the normal pancreas as hypointense ( Figure 3.1 ) . Fatty abnormalcies within the pancreas can frequently look as a malignant neoplastic disease on CT and EUS scans, MRI nevertheless can distinguish the features and separate a fatty abnormalcy from a malignant neoplastic disease ( Miller et al, 2006 ) . Figure 3.0 A Magnetic resonance image showing a carcinoma affecting the pancreatic caput and falsifying the superior mesenteric vena. ( Taken from: Van Hoff et Al, 2005 ) . Figure 3.1 A Gd enhanced, T1 weighted fat suppressed scan shows several pealing enhanced liver lesions ( short white pointers ) proposing liver metastases. Dilated pancreatic canals are besides demonstrated ( white pointer ) every bit good as a ill defined mass in the pancreatic caput ( black pointer ) . The white pointer caput shows a bilious stent. ( Taken from: Miller et al, 2006 ) . Figure 3.0 Figure 3.1 Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography scans ( MRCP ) can be performed as an option to Endoscopic retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP ) . MRCP scans examine the ductual constructions of the liver and the pancreas and are a critical procedure when looking at dilation of the canals in peculiar ( Jackson A ; Thomas, 2005 ) . MRCP scanning is a utile tool when exposing the ‘double canal ‘ mark in patients with clogging icterus which can bespeak a mass in the caput of the pancreas, nevertheless MRCP provides no information in the theatrical production of a pancreatic carcinoma. Siegelman ( 2010 ) suggests that vascular engagement and liver metastases are better detected on non-MRCP pulse sequences. Roth and Seeram ( 2002 ) state how guidelines province that anyone being scanned should be carefully screened in order to guarantee their safety within the MRI scanner. This should affect questionnaires to find whether patients have any metallic implants or gait shapers that could be affected by the magnetic environment. FDA guidelines besides province that as the safety of MRI when imaging a fetus has non been identified, patients should be advise in order to do an informed determination about go oning with the scan ( Roth A ; Seeram, 2002 ) . Prior to a MRI scan, patients will be changed into a infirmary gown and take lose jewelry. Roth and Seeram ( 2001 ) explain that patients will make full out questionnaires in order to declare themselves fit for the scan. Patients will be fitted with a working venflon in order to administrate contrast. The patient will be supine on the tabular array with the respiratory bellows underneath them and connected at the top. The cardiac spiral will be placed onto the patient at the degree of the liver. The patient will come in the scanner pess first and be centred at the xiphoid. A assortment of sequences are so carried out including: Axial and coronal T2 weighted scans Axial T1 gradient reverberation scan Axial and coronal unenhanced fat suppressed T1 weighted scan Axial and coronal fat suppressed Gd enhanced T1 weighted scans MRCP ( Miller et al, 2006 ) . Semelka ( 2001 ) suggests that the hereafter will see the correlativity of CT and MRI images in the diagnosing of pancreatic malignant neoplastic disease. Semelka ( 2001 ) further explains that by uniting CT and MRI images, a better and more comprehensive nature of look intoing the pancreas will be available. Lisle ( 2007 ) suggest that issues rise as patients are unable to be scanned if they are fitted with a cardiac gait shaper as the magnetic current can do it to halt. Patients that have metallic implants, such as joint replacings are besides unable to be scanned as the magnetic Fieldss are so strong. In add-on to this, claustrophobia proves to be a great patient issue as the scanner is narrow and scan times are long. Overall, Miller et Al ( 2006 ) suggest that even though CT is the constituted imagination techniques for the rating of pancreatic carcinomas, the superior contrast declaration of MRI may break detect lesions of the pancreas. They go on to propose that MRI is superior to CT as it can be used without the demand of iodized contrast. Besides, MRI is able to set up the nature of the mass unlike EUS and CT. CT nevertheless, is quicker and more tolerable than MRI scanning and uses the Hounsfield graduated table to supply accurate images of the pancreas and the environment vascular engagement. Due to the intimacy of the transducer to the internal variety meats, EUS provides elaborate images that can find whether a mass is present. However, it is invasive and uncomfortable for the patient and can non distinguish between a malignance and a fatty mass. Word count: 2,898 ( Not including images amounting to merely over half a page ) . How to cite Imaging In Diagnosis Pancreatic Cancer Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Translatability and Poetic Translation free essay sample

Translation used to be considered an inter-language transfer of meaning, which is the point of departure for research and study. Many earlier definitions demonstrate this, using source language and target language as their technical terms. Moreover, translation theories strictly confined themselves within the sphere of linguistics. For many years the popular trend in the translation circles had been perfect faithfulness to the original both in content and in form and it had been regarded as the iron criterion as if from the holy Bible for translators to observe. The godly status and the impossible idealistic belief were not altered until new thoughts arose with the respect of consideration of target readers, the unavoidable translator subjectivity and the purpose and function of translations. This thesis, starting to look from new angles such as the accommodation to target cultural conventions, the translators consciousness of linguistic and cultural adaptations to make it easy for readers to understand translated works without too much pain and effort, and translation as a purposeful endeavor. Translation is then understood as a much more complicated activity with a much broader scope. Translation of poetry was, and still is by some, believed as impossibility for any unfaithful elements would have been taken as failure, be it content or form. The arguments include linguistic elements and cultural elements. Most importantly the myth of untranslatability looks upon poetry as beauty itself which is untouchable for once it is touched it is destroyed. But as translation of poetry has never been stagnant though sometimes vigorous and sometimes not, there is strong evidence in both translation history and present day practice that poetic translation, a literary form as distinguished from fiction, drama, and prose, is translatable. Poetry itself serves a purpose, be it an illusive matter, and aesthetics can be reproduced in another language and culture if accommodation is made. It would be highly likely that the target readers would obtain rather similar if not the same aesthetic pleasure reading the translation as would the source readers reading the original poem. And this is, I believe, the only criterion in evaluating and assessing what is a successful piece of translation. Of course there are other functions of poetry like informative, didactic, cognitive, practical and even entertainment functions. The aesthetic function stays at the top of the list, though. In other words, if a translation fails to perform the aesthetic function it is in my eyes a bad translation, no matter how well the form is preserved. A word-for-word translation may be judged faithful in form, but it is failure in terms of the performance of functions. As aesthetics of one people influences them with different elements from that of another, accommodation in translation is of urgent necessity. Often loss or addition is made to achieve that end and sometimes only some elements are preserved while other elements are neglected. This is inevitable or there will be no translation, which means if one fears any loss or addition, one should learn to read the original always instead of reading the translated version. But how many of us can do that? The thesis aims at breaking the myth of untranslatability of poetry and argues from the appropriate understanding of translation to the various functions of poetry. And in the end it suggests, with examples taken from well-acknowledged translators of poetry, some strategies for poetic translators so that global talk opens up another channel for human communication. We will understand one another better. The detailed organization is as follows. This thesis, starting from a brief account of old ideas of the untranslatability of poetry, proposes instead a hypothesis that poetry is translatable (Chapter One). In the next chapter (Chapter Two) an analysis of why poetry is untranslatable is made in both linguistic and cultural respects. It goes on giving a detailed analysis of translation in general, its various definitions, its multiple functions and the authors own idea of it (Chapter Three). Then literary translation is discussed, involving its features and main functionaesthetic value which is the very core in poetic translation as well (Chapter Four). Chapter Five deals with features of poetic translation, treating at the beginning the relationship between poetry and aesthetics and then making a comparison of Sino-west poetic theories. What follows is a discussion of the longstanding issue of form vs content and the criteria of poetic translation. At the end of this chapter, the function of poetry is discussed. Chapter Six suggests some strategies in poetic translation, all with a strong consciousness of compensation of possible loss of the source text. The thesis ends with a conclusionpoetry is translatable. This may sound like a paradox, if one thinks of the long tradition of translatio studii or translatio imperii in the culture, or if you just ponder the very word tradition . Tradition, from Latin tradere (‘hand over), implies a process of communication, transmission, and transference that necessarily allows for the transformation, whether in terms of â€Å"losses† or â€Å"gains,† usually associated with what we consensually mean by translation. To translate is not to say the same thing in another tongue, but to make manifest a different thing. This may sound close to what we used to call â€Å"the impossibility of translation. Croce (quoted in Carravetta, 1997) holds that poets cannot be compared, as each is unique. Translation is impossible; it is only a pedagogical necessity. The responsibility of the interpreter is to capture the mood or state of being (stato danimo) of its author. In modern times some scholars have come to realize that something in a language can not be fully translated into another, in other words, there is an inevitable loss of meaning. Catford (1965), a celebrated translation scholar of the linguistic school, raises the issue of untranslatability with a new perspective. He argues that linguistic untranslaltability is due to the difference in the Source Language (SL) and the Target Language (TL), whereas cultural untranslatability is due to the absence in the TL of relevant situational features. Dabeluet and Viney (quoted in Wilss, 2001), in the fruitful book A comparative French and English Stylistics have analyzed in detail the points of linguistic difference between the two languages, differences that constitute areas where translation is impossible. Popovic (quoted in Wilss, 2001) also has attempted to define untranslatability without making a separation between the linguistic and cultural factors. Nida (1984) presents a rich source of information about the problems of loss in translation, in particular about the difficulties encountered by the translators when facing with terms or concepts in SL that do not exist in TL. Newmark (1982) has also once briefly talked about the deviation in translation. In Chinese translation history, in contemporary and modern day translation circles, many experts and scholars have also discussed the problem to some extent in their empirical assertions and research papers. As early as the flourishing period of Buddhist scriptures, the problem of untranslatability was mentioned and a rather strong expression was used to criticize certain versions as ‘feeding others what one has munched in his own mouth'( , my translation), not mentioning translation of poetry. Zhu guangqian (Zhu, 1987: 113) says that the reason why poetry translation poses more difficulty than prose translation lies in that poetry stress more on its musical quality while prose emphasizes more on meaning. Translating meaning is apparently easier than translating the musical quality (my translation). Chinese, unlike English, uses characters which are all single syllables, namely, one character as one syllable. So phrases and clauses are easily arranged into even number phrases and neat even number couplets, if the need arises for comparison or contrast. However, the western languages have strict grammatical rules, requiring fixed structures that forbids free inversions or disorders. If translating literally according to the Chinese form, confusion emerges. Ibid: 201) (my translation) Poetry can not only be translated into a foreign language nor can it be translated into another style or another historical period of the same language because the sound and meaning of the language change with the times. Modern syllables and rhythms can not replace those needed in ancient language and modern associated meaning can not replace the ancient associated meaning (Ibid: 223) (my translation). Chen Shuxin (Chen, 2000) proposes that poetic untranslatability mainly lies in the transference of the beauty of the original sound. If put in order, the transference of sound stays at the top of the list, then form and style, lastly meaning (my translation). Wen Yiduo (Zhu, 1925: 149) exemplifies untranslatability as follows: â€Å"Li Bai stands between the ancient style and contemporary style. His wul u , which consists of five characters in each line and eight lines altogether, has the soul of ancient style and the body of the contemporary which is characterized with abundant embellishment. The embellished style may be translatable but not the poetic power. Nevertheless Li Bai without his tremendous power is no longer himself†. (my translation) For example, the lines , was translated as : (1. 1) The smoke from the cottages curls Up around the citron trees, And the hues of late autumn are On the green paulownias. â€Å"What is the matter? † Mr Zhu asks, â€Å"The glorious beauty of the Chinese poem, once transformed into English should become so barren and mediocre! Such precious lines as these are untranslatable for they are too subtle and too refined. If one has to translate it anyway, it is doomed to be destroyed. Beauty is untouchable. If it is touched, it dies. † ( my translation) (Ibid: 150). But Zhu later has to admit in another book that translation is not intended for the original author or those who understand the source language. It should not intend to compare with the original. It is impossible and unnecessary to please the reader who understands the source language with ones translation (my translation) (Ibid: 154). In summary, I find that those who stick to untranslatbility are but two kinds of people. Some strictly believe the holiness of the original text and others the absoluteness of the unity of meaning and form in a certain language. And they, idealistically, do not allow any addition or loss of meaning in the transferring process as in translation, which is actually inevitable and is a rule rather than an exception. 1. 2 TRANSLATABILITY A HYPOTHESIS Translation work, in its present form, dates back more than a thousand years in China and in Western countries. The ever-lasting practice of translation itself manifests the translatability of languages. Therefore, it stands to reason that a language can be translated from one language into another. Under the guide of this perception, former scholars usually probe into the problem of translation from an instinctive and empirical point of view. Not all words need to be translated. Some cannot. Some can be transcribable, but if there is no cultural equivalent, whether it is translatable or not it still needs to be explained, just like a jargon needs to be explained to the non-specialist in a footnote. Words, expressions or interjections that are exclusive to a culture, a religion or a jargon cannot always be translated in a satisfactory way because the same thing does not exist in the other languages culture. In many cases such words with no perfect equivalent are the words that end up being borrowed by the other language, sometimes with a possible spelling adaptation to ease pronunciation in the other language. Jacobson ( 1966: 238) (quoted in Wolfram Wilss, 2001) comes to the conclusion that poetry by definition is untranslatable. Only creative transposition is possible. With this as a prerequisite, translation of poetry should and must be translatable. Historically speaking, the activity of poetic translation has always been there, popular at one time and losing momentum at another, though always being practiced. In other words, whenever human communication is necessary, translation will live on and maintain a firm and fast stronghold. The reason is simple but unavoidable—we, as a nation or a country, are not living alone. As long as we do not lock ourselves up, translation will be translatable, be it scientific translation or poetic translation. Many translators in contemporary and modern China have made and are making outstanding contributions to the literary and poetic exchanges between China and the West through their diligent and painstaking work. Xu Yuanchong, for instance, has translated several books of Chinese ancient poems into English, the most important being the The 300 Hundred Tang Poems . Gu Zhengkun, by rendering into English The Collection of Mao Zedongs Poems , is another example to have introduced Chinese poetry to readers of English. Foreigners include Arthur Waley, Herbert Giles, Witter Bynner, W. J. B. Fletcher, James Legg, Amy Lowell, etc. Translators from English into English are, needless to say, numerous, such as Bian Zhilin, Guo Moruo, Tu Ang, Huang Gaoxin, Jiang Feng, Cao Minglun , and Zhu Chunshen, to name but a few for the present purpose. All these people do not only support the idea that translation of poetry is possible but provide living proof by their many well-received and highly-acclaimed translated works.

LG paper Essay Example

LG paper Essay LG paper BY rlyt1001 LG is a multinational electronic company that is South Korean. The headquarters is located in Yeouido-dong Seoul. This company is broken up into 5 divisions; home entertainment, home appliances, air conditioning, and energy solutions. LG was established in 1958 as a company called Gold star, which eventually merged with a company Lucky, creating lucky Gold star not Lifes Good which is the slogan. Lucky was the home appliance side and Gold star was the electronics side. Now LG is a multi billion dollar company that provides the 5 divisions world wide is ecognized as one of the best in each division. LG is very competitive in the markets of TVs, cell phones, refrigerators, and washers/ dryers. They are the second largest manufacture of TVs in the world, right under samsung. They are also the fifth largest phone company by unit sales. They have reached this spot in the world by providing an excellent product and also advertising. LG advertises through, TV, internet, sale promotions, and events. Their distribution strategy is through retail sales, online, and catalogs. Retail sales is where most of their sales are made; this is because knowledge of the product can be sserted so consumers will confidently by the LG products. We will write a custom essay sample on LG paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on LG paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on LG paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Since LG is not as well known as their main rival Samsung, Lg prices their products around the same/ little less. Samsung and LG are both headquartered in South Korea and have been rivaled since their birth. So LGs competitor (Samsung) strengths are that they are more well known, a larger company, and the leader in technology. However, Samsungs weakness is their higher prices for very similar technology. LGs target market is mass; they are advertently after the whole human race. But are swaying towards a premium market in cell phones; targeting the youth. LG knows that cell phones will soon replace laptops, tablets, cameras, tVs, etc. To wrap everything up, below is LGs Swat Analysis. SWOT Analysis Strength 1 . Wide range of products to serve all categories and a strong focus on technology and quality 2. Effective localization of product offerings for growth markets like India, Brazil, China 3. Brand offers sound rational appeal good product features and good value for money 4. Good after sales service and wide distribution network 5. Subsidiaries enjoy independence in decision making and hence have flexibility in dapting to the local market 6. Sponsorship of sports and entertainment events enhances visibility 7. It has nearly 100,000 employees and is one of the top mobile manufacturers Weakness 1 . Brand lacks influence in the opinionated segment of early adopters especially in the social media environment 2. Brand has limited market share compared to market leaders Works cited: Lee, joseph . LG the company LG HISTORY. (2013): n. page. web. 12 sep. 2013.. Whitehurst, Jason. The History Behind LG. Electronics. (2013): n. page. Web. 12 Sep. 2013.

Soul Music As A Vehicle Of Social Expression Essays - Free Essays

Soul Music As A Vehicle Of Social Expression Essays - Free Essays Soul Music As A Vehicle Of Social Expression Music is the most powerful vehicle of human expression. As the embodiment of love, disapproval, happiness, experience life, music speaks to us, because it comes from us. Each people, in each paradine of the human experience instinctively and systematically change the music of the past to represent the realities of the present. In this century, black music, more specifically Soul music, has been that music that has brought to plain view that which evidences our humanity hope, hurt, joy and passion in such a way that the world has no other choice than to feel its power and marvel in its brilliance. When one discusses the relationship between Soul music and the civil rights movement, it becomes a dialouge very akin to that of the chicken and the egg. The period of Classic Soul is that period primarily, but not exclusively referenced as the 1950s, 60s and 70s (Stephenson 186). This is the time frame of the American Civil Rights Movement, and the impact of the massive changes going on, are reflected in the music and the culture. So one would be correct in both assuming that the Civil Rights Movement gave rise to Soul music, as much Soul music contributed to the success of the campaign for civil rights. Soul music during its heyday, did more than simply entertain. For a race of people it served as a source of motivation, strength and education, for a people immersed in turmoil and tragedy. The institution of segregation had effectively inhibited the general populaces awareness of the great achievements and contributions made by African-americans throughout the history of the United States (Franklin 429). Inasmuch, Soul music sought to bring that undersight to light. Soul songs like Donny Hathaways To Be Young, Gifted and Black, was revolutionary, in that they sought to instill pride of ones history, but at the same time motivate a new generation to reach new heights. As Hathaway says, We must begin to tell our young, Dont you know that there is a whole world waiting for you?, he is calling for the teaching of black pride to the youth, which was a wide spread trend in black communities of the 60s and 70s (Hathaway). James Browns Say It Loud, Im Black and Im Proud, became an anthem fo r the movement (Brown). The songs lyrics like, .Dont quit moving, until we get what we deservewed rather die on our feet, than keep living on our knees, were words of inspiration for those involved in the struggle for equality. Whereas the predominant theme of rhythm and blues was love and other kind of human relationships, soul singers voiced concern about the social injustice, racial pride, black militancy, and forms of protest (Southern 517). Eileen Southerns statement on Soul music greatly describes the type of works produced by Hathaway and Brown at the time, yet was definetly not exclusive to these two artists. The period wherein Soul intertwined with the Civil Rights Movement, produced music greatly influenced by the environment in which its creators lived. Donny Hathaways, Ghetto, and Marvin Gayes Inner City Blues (Makes Me Wanna Holler), speak of the harshness of life in the Inner City (Hathaway/Gaye). Societal ills and political unrest were a major theme of Soul music, and Marvin Gayes work, almost more than any other artist, was demonstrative of this fact. Gayes album Whats Goin On, was his commentary on the social problems of the period, and through its success tremendously impacted the increasing social awareness. Despair within the black community was given voice in Gayes Inner City Blues. Inflation, taxes, unemployment and police brutality were numbered among the themes addressed in the song. The sense of hopelesness of the piece can best be conveyed in the line saying, this life aint worth the living.makes me wanna holler, throw up both my hands!(Gaye). Save the Children goes on to ask: Who is willing to try and save a world that is destined to die?, yet goes on to say live life for the childrenlets save the children (Gaye). So, even in the midst of great despair, Gaye, and other artist of his genre, did believe in the possibility of change. Ball of

On Learning Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

On Learning Theories - Essay Example As theories are subject to change, so is cognitivism, the theory that states that students learn through associating observations and experiences with their own way of life. Some profound truth could be seen in this theory but like other theories, it has its waterloos so dependence on it alone is not a good idea. Constructivism on the other hand says learners understand through how they interpret and understand information and experiences. Whatever learning theory there is that a teacher wants to apply, it should be emphasized that no one theory is applicable to a group of learners as all people are uniquely different. As a teacher, one should consider all the theories and understand also that combining them all is not the remedy to achieving the best from them but to observe how learners are individually coping with their education. Indeed, a teacher’s task extends far beyond just teaching. Learners are uniquely different and one observation in a group does not really mean it is applicable in another group or an individual. Therefore, it is interesting for a teacher to note this theory and be very careful with how one deals with students with respect to the theory. For instance, Thorndike’s law of effect has been proven to have different responses when it comes to reward and punishment so an educator should not insist on punishing if it does not result to the best outcome from the learner. Behaviors of learners that are measurable like the conditioning of Pavlov, Watson and skinner.

Perceptions of Performance Feedback Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Perceptions of Performance Feedback - Essay Example Later the success of the system was evaluated by surveying the employees and it revealed that now the process is more result oriented and helps the evaluatees to know what are the criteria they are rewarded on and ultimately whether they are contributing positively to the organization’s overall goals or not. Some of them thought the process was tiresome but the results of the process were helpful.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Data Collection MethodologyThe data was collected by means of evaluation surveys, in the form of questionnaire that asked for the individual performance appraisal from other individuals of an organization. The sampling procedure was simple; for each individual of the organization, the directly associated individuals were asked to fill out these surveys; for instance for a manager, his assistant, other department managers, his own supervisor i.e. the next immediate level person was asked to fill out the survey. The questionnaire contained open ended as well as close ended q uestions that had meaningful means associated to analyzing directly the performance of individuals.Approach for Data Collection & Survey FormationAs mentioned previously, the survey was formally formulated and approved by peer reviews and the scoring criteria was clearly embarked amongst the respondents and the subject persons.The major advantage of this approach is knowing the gut feeling of individuals and their thoughts about other individuals in the organization not just in the department itself but across the department too i.e. both the horizontal.

Develop the film Hot Fuzz (Edgar Wright, 2007) Essay - 1

Develop the film Hot Fuzz (Edgar Wright, 2007) - Essay Example While it contains indistinguishable comedic topics, specialized style and funny savagery to its forerunner, Hot Fuzz turns into a more genuine, unique postliminary. Therefore, it is a much more grounded portion that has now turn into a current benchmark in British comic drama. Directed by Edgar Wright, the film expressed the director’s love for the genre of thriller, regretting that in Britain over the last 30 years, they were not there at all. While mocking numerous films inserting allusions to more than fifty film tapes, creators skillfully blended a variety of genres - police thriller, detective, romance, action and comedy. The film is replete with derision of various clichà ©s. This is probably its most important advantage that certainly does not mean that it is the only one, but that is what keeps on all the action and all the dialogue, in addition to the chic of acting without exception. The main characters of Pegg and Frost, the main villain, Timothy Dalton, bad and ironic rural police, the sheriff, the father of the hero Frost, and even the saleswoman colors - all played exactly what was required of them the absurdity of the film. Hot Fuzz rejoined Simon Pegg and the director Edgar Wright in a satire film. Pegg plays straight-bound police officer Nicholas Angel, who is elevated to sergeant and sent from London to the lethargic Gloucestershire town of Sandford in light of the fact that his hard working attitude was showing up whatever is left of the police. The plot is not intended to be bode well. A spate of horrible murders in Sandford is disregarded with the perception that somehow accidents happen. Pegg stars as the protagonist, Nicholas Angel, a London police officer who lives for his employment. He is a thorough and prompt cop, who is great at doing his job - so great indeed that he is making whatever is left of his associates look crude. His bosses who are played by

The Concept Of Cultural Heritage

The Concept Of Cultural Heritage To understand cultural heritage and interpretation, it is essential to understand the various definitions and theories in relation to the concept of cultural heritage. The term cultural heritage refers to the things, places and practices that define who we are as individuals, as communities, as nations or civilizations and as a species (Wedenoja, 2010). In other words, it is the cultural legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, preserved in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. It is a legacy which we often want to recognize and reserve because it strengthens our cultural identity of sense of who we are as people. However, what is considered cultural heritage by one generation may be rejected by the next generation, only to be revived by a succeeding generation. Cultural heritage is not limited to material manifestations. It also includes living expressions and the traditions that groups and communities around the world have inherited from their ancestors and transmitted to their descendants. Thus, cultural heritage can be grouped into broad categories: tangible and intangible. Tangible cultural heritage can refer to moveable objects and immoveable sites. These include archaeological sites, artifacts, buildings, historic sites, monuments, graves, and culturally significant landscapes like sacred places. Landscapes are considered heritage when they have natural features that may have cultural attributes including flora and fauna. Heritage sites like these often serve as an important component in a countrys tourist industry, attracting many visitors from abroad as well as locally. UNESCO  [1]  defines intangible cultural heritage as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the non-physical characteristics, practices, representations, expressions as well as knowledg e and skills that identify and define a group or civilization (UNESCO, 2010). These include language, oral histories, beliefs, practices, rituals, ceremonies, customs, traditions, music, dance, crafts, and other arts. Heritage that survives from the past is often unique and irreplaceable. This places the responsibility of preservation on the current generation. Safeguarding cultural heritage has become one of the priorities of international cooperation since 1972 when the General Conference of UNESCO adopted the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage. There are 878 World Heritage Sites as of 2008. They are located in 145 countries and 678 cultural, 174 natural, and 26 mixed sites (UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 2010). The preservation of living heritage has only become significant in 2003 when UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. (This is the short version > still have a lot of detail to add because the term cultural heritage is very detailed and has meant different things in the past decades. Unless the professor thinks this is enough.) Cultural Heritage and the Challenges of Tourism In recent years, key heritage sites have seen a remarkable increase poorly guided or unguided tourists. Tremendous pressure has been forced upon areas like Angkor Wat, Luang Prabang or Halong Bay the growing number of visitors and the general growth in Tourism. International agencies such as the World Tourism Organization have predicted that tourism numbers will continue to rise over the next 10 years, predominantly so for the continent of Asia. Such growths in visitor numbers worsens existing problems at World Heritage sites which include vandalism, lack of awareness of cultural and heritage significance of sites, congestion and destination and cultural commodification. As global tourism increasingly interface with heritage sites, the pressures of meeting challenges will be more pronounced. In addition to the negative effects of unguided mass tourism at heritage sites, a rise in niche cultural tourism also prompts the need for the training of cultural heritage specialist guides for World Heritage sites. The development of such niche groups of culturally-sensitive and learning-seeking tourists is constituted within the broader developments of what has been termed by tourism academics as special interest tourism and the diversification of the tourism market. However, the development of niche cultural tourism is hampered by the widespread lack of cultural heritage specialist guides in Asia-Pacific. In the APETIT meeting in 2002, the training of professional guides was highlighted by UNESCAP and UNESCO as key to improvements in the tourism system and industry. What is Digitization? We use the term digitization to refer to the process of converting physical resources or information into a digital format (Digitization, 2007). In other words, digitizing means simply capturing an analog signal in digital form. Photos taken with a digital camera, or data collected by an electronic measuring device are automatically converted into digital form. However, text and images that are in a tangible form can be digitized with a scanner (Ibid). When scanning texts or images, an optical character recognition program, also known as OCR, analyzes a text image for light and dark areas in order to identify each alphabetic letter or numeric digit, and converts each character into an ASCII code (Ibid). Audio and videos can also be digitized by a process in which an analog signal is changed, without changing its essential content, into a digital signal (Ibid). The process of sampling measures the amplitude, or signal strength, of an analog waveform at evenly spaced time markers (Ibid ). It also signifies the samples as numerical values for input as digital data (Digitization, 2007). Objects and sites on the other hand require a more complicated process. A 3D scanner is utilized to analyze an object or environment. The 3D scanner creates a point of cloud of geometric samples on the surface of the object or site and these points can then be used to digitally reconstruct the object or site (3D Scanner, 2010). Digitized resources can be easily shared through digital devices, equipment, and networks. Despite its many advantages, digital resources still need special care and preservation as they can become obsolete. Therefore, everything must be digitized at the highest quality and migrated to the latest storage and formats. Digitization of an object using a 3D Scanner (Scribe It, n.d.) Why Should We Digitize Cultural Heritage? Cultural Heritage should be digitized for the following reasons: Preservation of Tangible Cultural Heritage Digitization can help preserve tangible cultural heritage including objects and buildings. All objects and the valuable information they contain will be available without jeopardizing their integrity by handling or by exposure to the elements. For instance, the Stonehenge in Great Britain is using technological interpretation to conserve the heritage site. Brian Bath states in his publication The Use of New Technology in the Interpretation of Historic Landscapes (2006) that a massive number of visitors wanted to see every angle of the Stonehenge and if the same number of visitors came to the site constantly it would à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a threat exposed surface archaeology and to the protected lichens on the stone surfaces at ground level. Bath (2006) also added that it was hard interpreting the site without explaining the conservation process as well. People wanted to see everything but what they didnt understand was the effect they would have on the site. The solution for this matter was technology. Various forms of Medias like CDs with 3 models and web-based virtual museums were developed in response to assist tourists understand about the conservation and interpretation of the site. 3D/ Virtual Reconstruction of Stonehenge Broadened Access A lot of people cant travel to museums or actual sites whenever they want and even if they could, space constraints imposed on museums would only allow them to see a little percentage of available collections. Therefore, digitizing cultural heritage greatly increases public access. Furthermore, it also advances the work of scholars and researchers worldwide, and opens new opportunities to educators in every setting. Often, objects reside in multiple places even if they are related. Thus, digitizing entire collections allows museums to assimilate their resources, making it possible for scholars working externally to see at a glance their complexity and extent of holdings in a given area. Moreover, digitization also allows museums to share their resources more broadly by integrating collections that have been separated by location across many cultural heritage institutions and research centers. And lastly, digitized materials also help museums reach underserved audiences, as well as th ose not motivated to see museums as a source of information. For instance, twenty years ago, students had to travel to Washington, D.C. to research in the Library of Congress and it was an expensive matter. Now, high school students from around the world have instant access. In 2003, the Library of Congress reported that approximately 15 million people visited American Memory. That is more than the number of people who have worked in the librarys reading rooms over the past 200 years and 1,500 times the number who annually use the manuscript reading room (Cohen Rosenzweig, 2006). New Access Digitization allows access to historical resources that are inaccessible because of their fragility (Cohen Rosenzweig, 2006). As an example, the original 1791 plan for the city Washington is so deteriorated and brittle the Library of Congress does not allow researchers to examine it (Cohen Rosenzweig, 2006). But now anyone can view the digital copy on the librarys website. Not all Library of Congress documents are quite this fragile, but like many other sources, they cant be browsed easily in analog form. LEnfants Original City Plan of Washington 1791 LEnfants Revised City Plan of Washington 1792 Support Education Another benefit of digitizing cultural heritage is that it supports education. Digitization impacts learning in classrooms and everywhere learning takes place. Studies of cultural heritage can come alive with instant access to images, sound files and text extracts. People will be able to experience things not normally possible in a museum, e.g. exploring the inside of a space shuttle in 3D. Furthermore, educators working with cultural heritage can interact virtually with audiences and cultivate forums for exploring topics in more depth and from varying perspectives. Lifelong learners will be able to guide their own learning with help from museums digitized collections. Overall, digitization will give public access to a much greater percentage of museums immense resources, providing better tools with which to spark learning. Brian Bath (2006) stated that the Museum of London set-up a web-based virtual museum and 40 percent of the people who visited the site including students actually came to the museum. As you can see, some people who may have never had interest in going were appealed. Enhances Museums Competitiveness Digitization can enhance museums competitiveness by enhancing visitors experience. A study was carried out by the SITI Research Center of the Queen Margaret University College (Reino, S., Mitsche, N. Frew, A., 2007) in the UK by comparing live interpretation and traditional interpretation at 2 sites, which were Beamish and the Bowes. The result was that ICT improved competitiveness of heritage sites by enhancing learning, entertainment and visitors experience. Beamish which used technology for interpretation had an average of 4% better outcomes in each category. Ease of Access for Researchers In the past, researchers and scholars had to endure the thorough process of ordering up boxes of items in order to find what they were looking for. Sometimes researchers or scholars could not study the archival documents (e.g., glass plate and film negatives) without the prior conversions into readable or viewable media like prints. On the other hand digitization allows quick and easy browsing of large collections of material. Enrich Context Digitization will help enrich context of cultural heritage because everything relevant to an object including details, records, and other interpretative data can be shared. This will enable a richer interaction and enhance users understanding of an object or sites context and meaning. In addition, digitization will enable allows experts to compare artifacts and specimens against those of the digitized museum, substantially increasing information about these holdings at a greater rate remotely. Equally important, it allows people around the world to add additional impressions, associations, and stories to the permanent record. (Will add an example) Infinite Reach Digitization allows infinite reach. It helps people draw multi-media resources from science centers, programs, and museums. Drawn resources could be combined in a way that it could transport an audience back in time. An audience could potentially see how Thai people were living 300 years ago, or witness battles. On the other hand, digitization could also let people experience the present as scientists do. For instance, an audience could be accessing data from Bangkok and could be in the Arctic the next minute learning about ice. And last but not least, people could perhaps travel virtually through space, with a view so clear, making them feel as though they could touch the stars from their armchair. As aforementioned, with digital assets, people would truly have infinite reach. What is Heritage Interpretation? The Basic Principles of Heritage Interpretation The Evolution of Heritage Interpretation and New Media Museums and Their Functions What are Virtual Museums? Still missing but will be added: How can cultural heritage material be digitized? Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Digitizing audio video Cultural Heritage in Thailand Heritage Interpretation in Thailand Examples of Heritage Interpretation and New Media in Other Countries What is the possibility for Thailand? Is it worth it? Assesing Cost and Timelines. Problems with Digitizing Cultural Heritage (Has to be explained in more detail and more examples) Three major problems impede the use of digital technology from being a major tool in preserving cultural heritage. The first one is the enormous amount of financial resources needed for the scanning process, the second one is the quick obsolescence of hardware and software, and the third is the need for standardization of tools and interfaces. As a result, the work done in this area is mostly on a pilot basis, where researchers study the various aspects of certain subjects, build and experiment with modest projects, debate on standards and establish coordinating bodies. Forms of Digitization and Their Advantages and Disadvantages Virtual Museums 3d Technology The origins of heritage interpretation date back to the aftermath of the creation of the first natural parks at the end of the 19th century in the United States. However, it was not until 1957, with publication by Freeman Tildens Interpreting our Heritage that the foundation of the discipline were established. Although in the early days this interpretation was essentially

The Affirmative Action Debate Essay example -- affirmative action argu

The Affirmative Action Debate    Most Americans desire a colorblind society. A society where individuals are judged upon merit, as opposed to the color of their skin. That is the reason Affirmative Action was birthed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. That is also the reason that Proposition 209 was voted for in 1996.   These two historical events are driven by the desire of equality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is Affirmative Action?   According to Geraldine Leshin, it is "Taking positive or active steps to accomplish the public policy goal of equal employment opportunity."  Ã‚   What is Proposition 209?   Its a new law that has been passed that "prohibits the state of California and local governments from discriminating against or granting preferential treatment to any individual or group on the basis of race,   sex, color, ethnicity or national origin in public employment, public education or public contracting (San Jose Mercury News)."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affirmative action was implemented for important reasons.   "Broadly defined, affirmative action refers to efforts to increase educational and employment opportunities for minorities and women.   More specifically, it applies to various programs and policies designed to increase the number of minorities and women hired by government and industry and admitted into colleges and universities."(Faundez, 213)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affirmative action is important especially in the work force. Before affirmative action, minorities and women felt, and seemed to be, discriminated against being chosen for the job.   Affirmative action was to help with the "increasing of opportunities for those that were previously discriminated against"(Lemann, 145).   Affirmative action   was created to not only help Black-Amer... ....    Leshin, Geraldine (1979).   Equal Employment Opportunity an Affirmative Action in Labor-Management Relations A PRIMER.   Institute of Industrial Relations:   Los Angeles, Tab H.    Mendoza, Ryan (1996).   Affirmative Action remains the American compromise. The Yale Daily News, Internet.   Available: http://www.townhall.com/columnists.duplantier/dul112195.html (1996, October 4).    Mills, Nicolaus, ed.   Debating Affirmative Action:   Race, Gender, Ethnicity, and the Politics of Inclusion.   New York:   Delta trade Paper-backs, 1994.    Proposition 209 and Affirmative Action (1996).  Ã‚   San Jose Mercury News. Available: http://www.sjercruy.com/news/breaknws.htm    Rockwell, Paul (1996).   Angry White Guys For Affirmative Action. Available:   http://www.dnai.com/~awgfaa/html/angry.html (1996, October 4).