Essay Topics For School - Using the Topic to Teach Your Readers

<h1>Essay Topics For School - Using the Topic to Teach Your Readers</h1><p>What would you be able to do with a little data on exposition themes for school? One may feel that the subject of training as a point for an article would appear to be excessively broad and excessively exhausting. All things considered, it is only the opposite.</p><p></p><p>Teachers in each control are continually searching for approaches to enable their understudies to increase a more profound comprehension of the world. Expounding on instruction is a decent method to create and reinforce that understanding.</p><p></p><p>Some individuals feel that paper subjects about training are exhausting in light of the fact that there is so much else they can expound on. Be that as it may, you ought not surrender when confronted with such a confinement. You ought to rather ensure that the subject of your exposition is sufficiently fascinating to urge under studies to learn more.</p><p></p><p>There are a few different ways that you can use to assist you with thinking of intriguing paper points for training. Maybe the most well known strategy for thinking of subjects is the one-sentence approach. This includes basically expressing the name of the point without giving a nitty gritty portrayal of what it is.</p><p></p><p>Students regularly identify with huge issues and how they may influence them by and by. If so with you, compose a short story dependent on that idea. Understudies will discover this technique compelling when they have to apply what they found out about the subject in their ordinary lives.</p><p></p><p>One beneficial thing about general paper themes for training is that they are regularly identified with subjects that are exceptionally natural to understudies. For instance, understudies can likely identify with issues with utilizing PCs or with underst anding papers. This permits you to talk about those themes without being too technical.</p><p></p><p>Another beneficial thing about these sorts of papers is that you can find out about explicit subjects that probably won't be on your primary educational program list. For instance, on the off chance that you are showing science, you might need to incorporate a conversation about a portion of the down to earth uses of those points. The beneficial thing about that will be that you will become familiar with some extraordinary things as well.</p><p></p><p>Finally, recollect that you can utilize an exposition to train your perusers about a specific school subject. This is something that is significant when you are utilizing the subject for a specific subject of study. There are a wide range of sorts of subjects that you can look over and you should attempt to remember this for your paper composing as well.</p>

Why Am I Bad At Writing Essay? 3 Reasons Why I Have A Problem

Why Am I Bad At Writing Essay? 3 Reasons Why I Have A ProblemThe reasons to why am I bad at writing essay are a different kind of question. But you don't have to be frustrated, especially when it comes to the ability to create an original idea. When you take the time to consider what your choices are, you can make some different choices. So you need to become open minded and find the proper answers for you.Essays usually include facts and reasons. They may also cover discussions about the topic. It is these things that the students find most difficult to write. The student is in the awkward position of finding an answer to a question he or she has, but without being able to find the best answer. And this makes it hard to write.There are a number of ways you can go about getting better at writing essays. You can start by choosing the right topics for your essays. You don't want to pick topics that are too easy to write about, because then you will run out of things to write about befo re you get to the part of the essay where the essay will be read. Some subjects that you may want to avoid would be political opinions and politics.It is important to know what the topics are, and what type of help is available to help you write them. There are plenty of guides to help you choose and even make ideas of topics and prompts to use. You also should read and study as much as you can about the subject, including the different types of essays that are written on the subject. By doing this, you will find that there are many different topics that you can tackle in your own words.And even if you do decide to tackle a topic that is harder, just make sure that the essay that you write is not lame. Students are finding out that this is not the best way to earn their high school diploma. The purpose of the essay should be to help the student learn something they would not be able to learn by reading the book alone. So make sure that you can write your own essay with the required information.The third reason for why I am bad at writing essay is that I tend to write on topics that I already know about, as opposed to specifically writing about specific people, places, or things. This is due to a lack of resources. As you begin to search for good sources, you begin to see the same books on the same topics over again. And you end up repeating yourself.Once you realize that this is a problem, you will have to revise the topics and start writing new essays. At the very least, you should ask someone to edit your work for you. Because if the essay is a hit with your editor, then they will surely recommend it to someone else who is looking for essays to write.Finally, if you still want to be a better writer, you need to practice as you write your essays. Make it a point to write an essay every day. If you do this, the essay will eventually turn into an amazing piece of work.

Teen Essay Topics That Your Teen Will Love

Teen Essay Topics That Your Teen Will LoveTeens are more passionate than ever in the areas of writing, reading, speaking, and intellectual debate. Thus, if you want to do something constructive, and get your teen to study and think for you, the best essay topics for them will be.The most typical area of study for these students is High School. No student can stop at being a diligent student after graduation. For this reason, essay topics like Sports, Comedy, Literature, French, Science, Psychology, and Movies should be better for them.If you're thinking of asking your teen students to write essays for you, then you need to think of what kind of topic they're interested in. It could be a specific category of the topic or they may not want to read or study about anything that they feel is boring or is similar to what they already know.They also may have preferences in High School subjects. The biggest categories are art, science, and music. They will gravitate towards these subjects as they would towards sports, and entertainment.There are the first usage of English, Etymology, as well as Latin and Greek to study, but most kids do not want to know all of this. You will need to make an effort to clarify and convince them to do so. Since you need to convince them, then give them a reason to go into a topic of the theory. For example, let them know that the Etymology, as it is described in the title of this article, could prove to be one of the most important parts of their life.Speaking is the second one of the best topics to discuss with your teen. They are interested in speaking and a lot of them have to keep up with the latest in the technology. Since these kids are very resourceful and can take part in high tech hobbies, you can let them know about the topic, which is really the basis of the technological revolution. Here, as the foundation of the revolution, the skills they need to learn to be able to communicate clearly and effectively with others in such a w orld.Finally, the third topic of teenage students is literature. There are kids that love fiction, which is also one of the ways they can express their minds. Other fiction topics may include history, biography, literature, and film.

Anita Moorjani s Traditional Hindu Heritage - 1638 Words

Anita Moorjani did not have your typical upbringing. She was of Indian decent and her family was of traditional Hindu heritage, but Anita grew up in Hong Kong with a British education. Growing up, her closest friend was her family’s servant and her nanny Ah Fong who taught her Cantonese and Chinese culture. Her friends at school spoke English and practiced British customs. She spoke three languages, cultures and ways of life but always had a hunger for more. At the same time this left her very confused about who she was and where she fit in. She loved her family and never wanted to be a problem for them yet she couldn’t follow the Hindu customs. A big turning point for her was after her parents picked a suitable groom and she was unable to†¦show more content†¦Anita set out to find a cure in India. She spent 6 months there where a yoga master gave her a strict regimen to follow of a diet, herbal remedies, and yoga. He believed in keeping the body balance and ri dding your body of the bad. When Anita told him he had cancer, he responded â€Å"Cancer is just a word that creates fear. Forget about that word, and let’s just focus on balancing your body. All illness are just symptoms of imbalance. No illness can remain when your entire system is in balance† (pg 50). From this point forward, Anita focused on balancing her body and life. The cancer metastasized throughout her entire body and sent her to the hospital where she was near death. During her near death experience (NDE) she was able to see those who have passed on such as her father and Soni, and learned of the purpose of life. She describes it as a tapestry where each life is woven together with a purpose. From this, she learned her life is not yet over and she will be healed. Days after she wakes up, the doctors are flabbergasted to learn that her cancer is nowhere to be found. She knows she is healed as she now has balance. Feeling Helpless: Cancer is an ugly disease and can cause ugly emotions, fears, and issues. Not only does the patient have to cope worry and stress of the new diagnosis as well as their family but also with the treatments for the illness and the side effects that they brings on as well. â€Å"These effects contribute to

Product Life Cycle Of Australian Dairy Industry- MyAssignment Help

Questions: 1.Explain on the product cycle of cheese and butter and the issues need to be addressed by the marketers of these products.2. Interpret a portfolio matrix for the dairy producer DP A using sales for the 2008-09 and 2009-10.3.what factors to consider when elaborating on the multifactor portfolio matrix?4.How do the major supermarkets pricing strategies affects on the attractiveness of the dairy industry? What Steps the dairy producers to deal with market power of major supermarkets? Answers: Introduction As the farm sector in Australia, the milk-processing sector is undergoing rationalization that has been continues. [1]This has resulted from the improvement of the capacity of the factory, as the large operations have improved on the efficiency and the economies of the scale. Previous there was lack of growth in the production of the milk due to relying of the pressure that resulted from the pressure of Australian dairy organizations to put resources into the expanding preparing limit. The test had been to expel the surplus limit and approaches to use on the current limit as productivity (Doidge, James, Leonie Segal and Elena 2012). The Australian dairy fabricating division is extremely various and it incorporate the rancher claimed, cooperative, and private and the public companies. Nonetheless, there was a global economic downturn back in 2008, which has resulted to decrease in the demand and the prices of the daily products in Australia. This greatly affected the market in Austral ia and the farmers suffered a lot (Hubbard and Drake 2013). In 2010, there was a momentum recovery of the economy as the products were gradually doing well in the market. The prevailing view in this industry is that if there is no overlay of both financial and economic downturn there will be a return to the fundamental aspects of the dairy market (Smith, Shana, Gregory, Roger and Chih-Hsing 2013). This industry has employed a huge number of individuals as they solely depend on their livelihood especially the rural people in Australia. This case study will address various questions in regards to different phenomenon related to the Australian dairy farming on the various products. 1. The product is one of the part of the marketing mix. In order for the marketing mix to be very effective, a business should be aware of the aspect of the product life cycle. On this strategies shows on the different stages that the product passes over a time and the sale, which can be expected at every stage. If the business uses the life cycle, they will be able to plan (Burch, David, Geoffrey and Libby 2013). In regards to cheese butter, they will pass through stages these stages are; development, the introduction, growth, the maturity, saturation, and the decline. On the first stage development, the cheese and butter products are researched and designed. Marketers should choose Suitable ideas to investigate, develop and then test. If the idea is suitable then a prototype or the model of the products are produced. On the second stage is introduction (Barber, James, Scott, and Evgenia 2015). This stage entails the launching of these products to the market. The sales at first are initially low and there are cost, which are incurred when the products are launched. The next is the growth that entails the rapid grow of the products, the cost are expected to fall as the production of the products increases. At the maturity and saturation, the growth of the sales of these products is expected to level off. The goods are built up with a steady piece of the overall industry now. The offers of the items are high and the contenders have entered the business sector to take the benefit of the benefits (Clarke, Harindra de Silva and Steven 2015). The last is the decline, like any other product the sales of cheese and butter are expected to decline. The decline is because of the consumer taste changes, introduction of new technology or even perhaps introduction of new products. The marketers need to find new markets for the existing products. This may be due to the increase of the number of competitors who want to have a market share of the profits. Moreover, they need t o change on the appearance, the format and the packaging of these products (Australia 2014). Cheese and the butter should have various packaging in order to enable to gain more consumer preferences over other similar products. 2. On the dairy producer, DP A there is a decline in the sale of the regular product in year 2008-2010 by 3 million litter. There is also a decline an increase in the fat product between the periods of 2008 to 2010. On the non-fat product, it shows there is an increase in the consumption of these products as compared to the fat products(Charman, Neil, Rodney, Andrew, Natalie and Sarah 2012). This shows that the Australian people are shifting to the non-fat products. On the flavored product, there is an increase of the consumption of the product by 5 million liters from the period 2008-2010 this shows a 20% increase. On the DP A on UHT product, the sales for the products have significantly between the same period by 40 million litres. 3. The multifactor portfolio Matrix is also referred to as the Business Attractiveness Screen. A 3 by 3 matrix rate each of SBU against two critical variable, attractiveness of the industry and the business strategy. This matrix measures the market attractiveness on a number of factors, these factors are; the profitability, intensity of competitiveness, and the technological requirements. On the intensity of competitiveness, the model helps to decide as to whether the company is competence enough to be able to compete in a given market (Hubbard and Drake 2013). Moreover, the various factors that are within the organization such as assets, holdings and the shares the company holds in the market can determine this(Shortt, Colette, and John O'Brien 2016). The technological requirement factors determines on the business strength. This matrix was designed based on the business strength and in any business it tends to do well if the technological aspect are in order and operational. Anothe r factor the matrix employ is the profitability of the organization. On the design it looks at the attractiveness of the industry on an aspect to look at is the profitability of the organization. 4. The decisions to cut the price of the dairy products is essentially driven by the desires to expand on the market share of the domestic retail in Australia at the expense of the competitors. This reduction permanently may strip many millions of dollars of value from the supply chain in Australian on the milk a chain that account around twenty five percent of the milk production and the main stay to the dairy industry (Bartlett, Dean, and John Twineham 2013). Moreover, the effect on the dairy industry is that there will reduce on the sales revenues and this will likely impact on the flow off the regional profitability of the farm and the production. Supermarkets have played an increasing role in the development of agriculture sector especially. They are creating a challenging environment for the dairy producers and supplier.[4] Some of this are the Cole and Woolworth supermarket in Australia who are making it so hard for Australian farmers and suppliers to operate (Dharma, Surya, W alter and Mark 2012). Nonetheless, various steps should be taken to deal with the market power of these supermarkets. One of the step is to create an appropriate level of protection in order to allow on the continued operation of the small producers and the medium sized agri-business. This will help to promote on the competition in the agricultural sector (Douphrate, David, Matthew, Christina, Stephen, Martina and Mark 2013). Secondly, there is need to encourage on the smaller producers in order to promote a wide diversity on the current food systems. There is also need for the establishment of the code of conduct. Conclusion The Australian dairy industry has faced economic downturn in 2008, but gradually this has significantly improved and the dairy producers are still optimistic over the future. On the case study, it has analyzed on the impact the supermarket have influenced on the dairy producer, the product life cycle of the butter and cheese and how the marketers are influencing at each stage. Moreover, it has explored on the multifactor portfolio matrix and the factors that influences on it. There is also recommendation in regards to supermarket power on the dairy producers. Recommendations On recommendation, the enforcement of the voluntary code of code should take place in order to deal with this aspect of market share. Moreover, there is need to have transparency that a virtual that should co-exist between the supermarket and the dairy producers. An effective communication channel with all the parties involved will help to explicitly stipulate honesty between the parties. Bibliography Australia, Dairy. "Australian Dairy Industry." Dairy Australia. Available online: www. dairyaustralia. com. au/Industry-information/About-the-industry. aspx (2014). Barber, James, Scott Bennett, and Evgenia Gvozdeva. "How to Choose a Strategic Multifactor Equity Portfolio?." The Journal of Index Investing 6, no. 2 (2015): 34-45. Bartlett, Dean, and John Twineham. "Product Life Cycle." In Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility, pp. 1914-1920. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. Burch, David, Geoffrey Lawrence, and Libby Hattersley. "Watchdogs and ombudsmen: monitoring the abuse of supermarket power." Agriculture and human values 30, no. 2 (2013): 259-270. Charman, Neil, Rodney Dyson, Andrew Hodge, Natalie Robertson, and Sarah Chaplin. "A survey of mastitis pathogens in the south-eastern Australian dairy industry." In Proceedings of Countdown Symposium 2012, pp. 18-22. 2012. Clarke, R. G., Harindra de Silva, and Steven Thorley. "Factor portfolios and efficient factor investing." In SSRN: https://ssrn. com/abstract, vol. 2616071. 2015. Dharma, Surya, Walter Shafron, and Mark Oliver. Australian Dairy: Farm Technology and Management Practices, 2010-11. ABARES, 2012. Doidge, James C., Leonie Segal, and Elena Gospodarevskaya. "Attributable risk analysis reveals potential healthcare savings from increased consumption of dairy products." The Journal of nutrition 142, no. 9 (2012): 1772-1780. Douphrate, David I., G. Robert Hagevoort, Matthew W. Nonnenmann, Christina Lunner Kolstrup, Stephen J. Reynolds, Martina Jakob, and Mark Kinsel. "The dairy industry: A brief description of production practices, trends, and farm characteristics around the world." Journal of agromedicine 18, no. 3 (2013): 187-197. Hubbard, E. M., S. M. Jervis, and M. A. Drake. "The effect of extrinsic attributes on liking of cottage cheese." Journal of dairy science 99, no. 1 (2016): 183-193. Shortt, Colette, and John O'Brien, eds. Handbook of functional dairy products. CRC Press, 2016. Smith, Shana, Gregory C. Smith, Roger Jiao, and Chih-Hsing Chu. "Mass customization in the product life cycle." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 24, no. 5 (2013): 877-885.

Recent reforms to reduce incidents of secondary victimization Essay Example

Recent reforms to reduce incidents of secondary victimization Essay Explain the secondary victimisation experienced by victims of sexual assault and domestic violence, and critically evaluate recent reforms to eliminate or reduce such secondary victimization. Victimization can be either primary or secondary. In the latter case, the victim suffers from the consequences of the initial trauma. In other words, the victim â€Å"suffers from psychological and social damages by negative reactions of criminal justice system, families, friends, and media†. Psychological affectation as a result of witnessing a traumatic event can also be called secondary victimization. The Criminal Law of the UK did not deal with this aspect of violent crime until recently. As a result laws pertaining to secondary victimization are inadequate and do not always lead to fair and balanced justice (Schafer, 2006). Usually, secondary victimization cases don’t get proper understanding from the concerned authorities. For example, police officers are known to misunderstand the nature of sexual violence, carry out their interviews in inappropriate methods and environments. Sometimes, police officers supersede their realm of authority and offer settlements to the primary and secondary victims of crime. There is also a trend in the UK, where prosecutors and interrogators hold a negative bias toward the parties involved in the criminal act (Schafer, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Recent reforms to reduce incidents of secondary victimization specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Recent reforms to reduce incidents of secondary victimization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Recent reforms to reduce incidents of secondary victimization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A very common manifestation of secondary victimization is through â€Å"victim responsibility†, where the victim is shown to be the instigator of the criminal act in the first place. Such attributions are all the more common in rape cases. Researchconsistently points out that victims may experience secondary victimizationand perpetrators may be handed disproportionately lighter sentences or even be absolvedof the accusation. Despite new legislations, guidelines and practices in the UK with respect to rape crimes, attrition rates remain extremely high. One of the research findings states the following: â€Å"Twenty-three interviewswere conducted with professionals and paraprofessionals whowork with sex offenders. The taped therapy sessions of a prisontreatment group were the source of perpetrator talk. Discourse analysis identified the existence of two discourses; the discourse of desire and the discourse of commonsense. Separately and together,these discourses served to attribute some responsibility to the victim and to conceptualize rape as sex.† (Finkelhor, 2005) Secondary victimization can happen in other ways as well. For instance, comprehensive investigation of some key groups related to violent crime – the primary victims themselves, and the broader group of their â€Å"families, friends, neighbourhoods, and communities† were carried out. Crimes such a rape (both male and female) need to be handled with tact and understanding. In other words, It is crucial that advanced practice nurses and other medical professionals be aware of indicators of rape and sexual assault in both genders and trained in detecting them. This becomes all the more important â€Å"as men are much less likely than women to spontaneously disclose abuse†. Men who are victims of such offences do not get proper attention from healthcare personnel, undermining their potential â€Å"to receive appropriate referrals for counselling and treatment†. If the primary trauma is not bad enough, the inability to seek therapeutic redress (psychotherapy ) can lead to victimization a second time around. But unfortunately, this area of victim justice is poorly legislated. National charities like Victim Support are at the forefront of the movement for change and reform in the criminal justice system (Sundaram, 2004). Victim Support has an entire division of its operations dedicated to providing counselling help for witnesses or secondary victims of crime. Understanding the fact that witnesses feel apprehensive about going to court irrespective of whether they are directly involved with the incident or not. Victim Support provides â€Å"Witness Service†, a program specially designed for secondary victims, in every criminal court in the United Kingdom. Charities like Victim Support are also pushing for legal reforms in this area. For example, the present legal framework does not consider the psychological affectations on defence witnesses. There are also no provisions made for secondary victims who are children. The latter fact is quite significant as the coping skills of children are much weaker than that of the adults, when it comes to stress and trauma (Sundaram, 2004). Office for Criminal Justice Reform (OCJR), a government agency, is the umbrella organization conceived in order to improve and reform the existing criminal justice system. Presently, the agency is coordinating efforts to bring about some necessary changes in the system. One of the main objectives is to make the process of reporting a criminal incident easier for the victims. Being a victim is never easy, but by making the bureaucratic and regimented nature of the criminal justice system an integrated one will help move toward the stated objective. There are a few other areas of redress, including a more rigorous law enforcement system that will â€Å"revolutionize compliance with sentences and orders of the court†. The agency has also recommended joining disparate units of the system into a single, modern and efficiently run service. In this context, the OCJR’s vision for the future is quite appropriate. The following passage captures the essence of what OCJR exp ects in terms of reforms: â€Å"To improve the delivery of justice by increasing the number of crimes for which an offender is brought to justice to 1.25 million and; Reassure the public, reducing the fear of crime and anti-social behaviour, and building confidence in the CJS without compromising fairness.† (Turner, 2006) Overall, the deficiencies prevailing in the present criminal justice system are quite clear. Not-for-profit organizations like Victim Support and government agencies like the OCJR have done a stellar job in trying to bring reform ideas into fruition. This would mean that secondary victims get a chance to see the court beforehand and understand procedures pertaining to the courts and get proper guidance and support during the period of litigation. On top of this availability of practical help, both primary and secondary victims have â€Å"easier access to people who can answer specific questions about the case (the Witness Service cannot discuss evidence or offer legal advice); and a chance to talk over the case when it has ended and to get more help or information.† (Turner, 2006) Of late, the government of England and Wales has developed several projects to help victims think generally about victimization, and then think about people they know who have been victims themselves. On such a contemplation of their experience of being victims, they gain a perspective on the consequences and aftermath of victimization. Organization such as Victim Support undertakes group therapy sessions with the victims to discuss the trauma of sexual abuse and its aftermath, and to conduct discussions about the misconceptions surrounding rape. Other programmes help prisoners doing service projects to make handicrafts for sale so that their earnings can go toward consolidating other victim empowerment programmes (Ditton, 2006). Still other programmes organise interactions between primary and secondary victims. This is supposed to help â€Å"victims’ experience real by allowing them to develop a relationship with their fellow victims, to hear their stories, and to reflect together on how crime affects the lives of many.† In all cases of crime, the perpetrators themselves are victims too. Recognizing this fact, â€Å"The International Centre for Prison Studies in the UK initiated a â€Å"restorative prison† project in three prisons. One of the four key objectives was to create opportunities for prisoners to perform community service projects in and outside of prisons, such as reclaiming public parkland†. Hence, positive results are already evident as a result of the few reforms made to the criminal justice system. References: Shepherd, Jonathan, and Cathy Lisles., â€Å"Towards multi-agency violence prevention and victim support: an investigation of police-accident and emergency service liaison.† British Journal of Criminology 38.n3 (Summer 1998): 351(20). Temkin, Jennifer. â€Å"Plus ca change; reporting rape in the 1990s.†, British Journal of Criminology 37.n4 (Autumn 1997): 507(20). Fattah, Ezzat A. â€Å"Helping Victims of Crime – the Home Office and the Rise of Victim Support in England and Wales.† The British Journal of Sociology 43.n3 (Sept 1992): 494(3). Smith, David J., and Russell Ecob., â€Å"An investigation into causal links between victimization and offending in adolescents.(Report). Corbett, Claire. â€Å"Helping Victims of Crime: The Home Office and the Rise of Victim Support in England and Wales.†, Journal of Law and Society 18.n4 (Winter 1991): 501-505. Maguire, Mike. â€Å"Helping Victims of Crime: The Home Office and the Rise of Victim Support in England and Wales.†, International Review of Victimology 2.n3 (Wntr 1993): 262-264. Mawby, Rob. â€Å"Guidelines for Victim Support in Europe: Report of the First European Conference of Victim Support Workers.† British Journal of Criminology 31.n2 (Spring 1991): 192-193. Whitehouse, R. â€Å"Helping People Cope with Crime: The Victim Support Handbook.† Science Justice 41.2 (April-June 2001): 127-131. Milgram, N., Stern, M., Levin, S. (March 2006)., Revenge versus forgiveness/forbearance in response to narrative-simulated victimization., The Journal of Psychology, 140, 2. p.105(15). Brunt, P., Brophy, K. (Fall 2006)., Gay tourist victimisation.(United Kingdom). International Review of Victimology,, 13, 3. p.275-299. Turner, H A, Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. (Jan 1, 2006)., The effect of lifetime victimization on the mental health of children and adolescents., Social Science Medicine, 62, 1. p.13(15). Hetzel, M D, McCanne, T R (August 2005)., The roles of peritraumatic dissociation, child physical abuse, and child sexual abuse in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder and adult victimization., Child Abuse and Neglect, 29, 8. p.915(16). Ditton, J., Chadee, D. (May 2006). People’s perceptions of their likely fiture risk of criminal victimization., British Journal of Criminology, 46, 3. p.505(14). Sundaram, V, Helweg-Larsen, K, Laursen, B, Bjerregaard, P (Jan 2004). Physical violence, self rated health, and morbidity: is gender significant for victimisation?, Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 58, 1. p.65(6). Shepherd, J, Sutherland, I, Newcombe, R (August 2006)., Relations between alcohol, violence and victimization in adolescence., Journal of Adolescence, 29, 4. p.539-553. Holt, M K, Finkelhor, D., Kantor, G. K. (May 2007). Multiple victimization experiences of urban elementary school students: associations with psychosocial functioning and academic performance., Child Abuse and Neglect, 31, 5. p.503(13). Chadee, D., Austen, L., Ditton, J. (Jan 2007). The relationship between likelihood and fear of criminal victimization: evaluating risk sensitivity as a mediating concept., British Journal of Criminology, 47, 1. p.133(21). Tseloni, A., Pease, K. (Nov 2004). Repeat personal victimization: random effects, event dependence and unexplained heterogeneity., British Journal of Criminology, 44, 6. p.931(15). Newburn, T., Rock, P. (Summer 2006)., Urban homelessness, crime and victimisation in England., International Review of Victimology, 13, 2. p.121-156. Finkelhor, D., Hamby, S L, Ormrod, R., Turner, H. (April 2005). The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire: reliability, validity, and national norms., Child Abuse and Neglect, 29, 4. p.383(30). Schafer, J A, Huebner, B M, Bynum, T S (May-June 2006). Fear of crime and criminal victimization: gender-based contrasts., Journal of Criminal Justice, 34, 3. p.285(17). Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R K, Turner, H A (Jan 2007). Poly-victimization: a neglected component in child victimization, Child Abuse and Neglect, 31, 1. p.7(20). WH Auden’s classic elegy of his contemporary WB Yeats has withstood the test of time. Even after five decades of its first publication, the poem is fresh in its invocation of feelings of loss and suffering. The loss and suffering are so much at the deceased artist and the cessation of his work, but more pointedly at the larger lamentation of the futility of poetry as an instrument of social change. This is one area where Auden transgresses the traditional elegy form. Auden’s work is atypical of the elegy genre in many other ways. Firstly, he makes no attempt to praise the object of his attention. Nor does he overtly express a sensation of loss at the demise of the artist. Instead, Auden uses the scaffolding of the three part elegy form in putting forth his observations on the nature of poetry. Although it is a fairly pessimistic viewpoint it does not lack in merit. Using the imagery in a redemptive fashion, the elegy â€Å"begins in a frozen landscape, as .

Abraham Lincolns Gettysburg Address, Facts and Myths

Abraham Lincolns Gettysburg Address, Facts and Myths On November 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln delivered a few appropriate remarks at the dedication of Soldiers National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. From a platform set some distance away from the ongoing burial operations, Lincoln addressed a crowd of 15,000 people. The president spoke for three minutes. His speech contained just 272 words, including the observation that the world will little note, nor long remember what we say here. Yet Lincolns Gettysburg Address endures. In the view of historian James McPherson, it stands as the worlds foremost statement of freedom and democracy and the sacrifices required to achieve and defend them. Over the years, historians, biographers, political scientists, and rhetoricians have written countless words about Lincolns brief speech. The most comprehensive study remains Garry Willss Pulitzer Prize-winning book Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America (Simon Schuster, 1992). In addition to examining the political circumstances and oratorical antecedents of the speech, Wills dispels several myths, including these: The silly but persistent myth is that [Lincoln] jotted his brief remarks on the back of an envelope [while  riding the train  to  Gettysburg]. . . . In fact, two people testified that Lincolns speech was mainly composed in Washington, before he left for Gettysburg.Though we call Lincolns text the Gettysburg Address, that title clearly belongs to [Edward] Everett. Lincolns contribution, labeled remarks, was intended to make the dedication formal (somewhat like ribbon-cutting at modern openings). Lincoln was not expected to speak at length.Some later accounts would emphasize the length of the main speech [Everetts two-hour oration], as if that were an ordeal or an imposition on the audience. But in the mid-19th century, a talk of several hours was customary and expected.Everetts voice was sweet and expertly modulated; Lincolns was high to the point of shrillness, and his Kentucky accent offended some eastern sensibilities. But Lincoln derived an advantage from his high tenor voic e. . . . He knew a good deal about rhythmic delivery and meaningful inflections. Lincolns text was polished, his delivery emphatic, he was interrupted by applause five times. [T]he myth that Lincoln was disappointed in the result- that he told the unreliable [Ward] Lamon that his speech, like a bad plow, wont scour- has no basis. He had done what he wanted to do. Above all its worth noting that Lincoln composed the address without the aid of speechwriters or advisers. As Fred Kaplan recently observed in Lincoln: The Biography of a Writer (HarperCollins, 2008), Lincoln is distinguished from every other president, with the exception of Jefferson, in that we can be certain that he wrote every word to which his name is attached. Words mattered to Lincoln- their meanings, their rhythms, their effects. On February 11, 1859, two years before he became president, Lincoln delivered a lecture to the Phi Alpha Society of Illinois College. His topic was Discoveries and Inventions: Writing- the art of communicating thoughts to the mind, through the eye- is the great invention of the world. Great in the astonishing range of analysis and combination which necessarily underlies the most crude and general conception of it- great, very great in enabling us to converse with the dead, the absent, and the unborn, at all distances of time and of space; and great, not only in its direct benefits, but greatest help, to all other inventions. . . .Its utility may be conceived, by the reflection that, to it we owe everything which distinguishes us from savages. Take it from us, and the Bible, all history, all science, all government, all commerce, and nearly all social intercourse go with it. Its Kaplans belief that Lincoln was the last president whose character and standards in the use of language avoided the distortions and other dishonest uses of language that have done so much to undermine the credibility of national leaders. To re-experience Lincolns words, try reading aloud his two best-known speeches: The Gettysburg AddressThe Second Inaugural Address of Abraham Lincoln Afterward, if youd like to test your familiarity with Lincolns rhetoric, take our Reading Quiz on the Gettysburg Address.